ABAY KUNANBAYEV ABOUT PROBLEMS OF MORAL EDUCATION
Dauenova Ainur,
group BT-18, Yessenov University, Aktau Superviser: Dalmukhanova F.
Annotation. This article discusses the philosophical and pedagogical views of the great humanist Abay Kunanbayev on the problem of moral education. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental universal problems of the formation of moral principles and moral values in the life of every person.
Key words: Abay Kunanbayev, moral education, principles.
Every nation has spiritual and moral support. One of such fundamental pillars in the minds of the Kazakh people is the creative heritage of the outstanding enlightener Abay Kunanbaev. In his works, the traditions of folk art and the understanding of the problems of society are reflected as much as possible. It’s not for fun that I compose a verse, I don’t fill it up with fiction, For those who are sensitive with hearing, heart and soul. For young people I give birth to a poem, so Abay himself determined the subject of his work [1].
If we turn to the pedagogical views of Abay, which was formed in the last century, then they reflect the fundamental universal problems of pedagogical theory and practice.
Here are some of them: «Only man lives by knowledge, Only age moves by knowledge, Only knowledge is the light of hearts …» [2].
Although Abay did not write special philosophical and pedagogical works, almost all the works of the fiery youth mentor, without exception, are penetrated by moral and ethical edifications based on the interests, moral ideals and wisdom of the working people, on the work of the Kazakh national intelligent people – poets and composers, on the achievements of public thought peoples of the East and West.
Abay’s thoughts on the formation of moral principles and moral values in the process of life itself, as opposed to the religious doctrine of the “divine predestination” of morality, are relevant today. According to Abay, a person is not born with some ready-made personality traits. All concepts of virtue, all rules of behavior are acquired in the process of his life and work. He urges the young:
Do not rush at everything in a hurry, Be proud of your gifts: And you, a man, a brick of the universe In the building of life itself lie down. Despite the different social status, says Abay, people are naturally equal. Abay writes about this innate biological equality of people in 34 edifications: “In this world, birth and growth, satiety and hunger, grief and death, body structure and the place where a person came from and where he should go, are all the same.”
And since people are equal, then there is no reason for them to strive to impose their will, power on others, for they are no better than others. On the contrary, people, peoples should be imbued with mutual respect for each other, love each other, live in peace, not be at enmity and not envy each other.
Thus, in the center of Abay’s worldview, like other thinkers, there is a man whose essence the thinker considers extremely multifaceted, from the point of view of biological, psychological, social and pedagogical. Abay is attracted to the aesthetic, ethical face of a person, his education and upbringing, the world of his feelings and intellect, his ideals and purpose of life.
Education in the interpretation of Abay was considered as a means of improving man and society. Mastering the world of culture, a person perceives certain ideas and ideals, languages and norms of behavior. For the great poet, thinker, humanist, spokesman for the innermost thoughts of the Kazakh people, Abay Kunanbaev, the main thing is humanity, the value of human existence, and finding one’s place in life [2].
Turning to the advice and moral commandments of Abay can help us a lot in overcoming our own moral imperfection, and especially in educating the younger generation. Putting forth the moral principle “Become a Human!” in a series of moralistic poetic works, Abay develops for youth a whole code of ethical standards of friendship and camaraderie, love in marriage, duty and conscience, courage and beauty of human relations, etc. In this regard, such works are characteristic as: “Oh, horsemen, dear laughter, not buffoonery”, “To study at a boarding school” and many others. If in some poems Abay teaches what to do in order to be a man, in others he teaches what should not be done in order to become a man. For example, “Do not flaunt things,” “Exhausted, I will deceive everyone around” and others.
Abay’s moderation in needs and especially in actions acts as a single moral category, a commandment. To know the measure of everything and everything is a big deal. “Do not get confused in thoughts, dressing, do not lose common sense. In food, in drink, in patterns, in dressing, in hugs, in kisses, in a passion for wealth, even careerism and cunning — there is a measure in everything. Everything beyond measure is evil ” And the conscience being the moral regulator of actions and behavior should prompt a measure to a person. A conscientious person feels his moral responsibility to those around him, since conscience is a selfassessment of his actions. In order to keep himself from immoral acts in time, Abay offers constant self-reports to his conscience. Thus, Abay formulates in his poetry and prose the most general moral principles of his highest ethical ideal, “Become a Human!”. Firstly, it is hard work, secondly, the desire for knowledge, reasonableness, thirdly, moderation, fourthly, conscientiousness and fifthly, self-control, self-education, self-discipline. It can be argued that the moral norms proclaimed in the last century by Abay, condemning on the one hand meanness, dishonesty, debauchery, on the other hand, exalting the love of work, the selfless struggle for the interests of the people, honesty, truthfulness, perseverance in the study of science, its highest ethical ideal » Become a Human!» not only have not lost their significance in our time, but have acquired a new sounding power and require the most careful study and mastery of them by everyone.
We will not be mistaken, if we compare Abay Kunanbayev’s poetic skill with the endless, deep ocean. Wonderful artist of the word, gentle lyrist, word master, and first of all, he is a wise poet. This opinion is related to his songs about life aspects, connects with his philosophic worldview and his wisdom words, especially his thoughts and ideas religion, religiousness. The whole description of the historic age, in which Abay lived himself, can be found in Abay’s creativity. The obscenity of Abay Kunanbayev is of great educational importance. We can learn a lot from him. Each word leads to deep reflection, knowledge of oneself, one’s environment, inculcation of good qualities, avoidance of evil.
Conscience and faith must go hand in hand in life. Then a man will leave behind good offspring. Shame and faith are one of the main qualities of human life. The happiness of mankind lies in his conscience.
REFERENCE:
1. Құнанбаев А. Шығармаларының толық жинағы. – Алматы: Көркем әдебиет, 2002. – 368 б.
2. Мамырбекова А.С. Нравственный оптимизм Абая // Мысль. – 2007. – № 8. – 116 с.