Г.Р. Нурекешова, И.Т. Канаева
Кызылординский государственный университет имени Коркыт Ата
Кызылорда, Казахстан i_kanaeva@mail.ru
THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TEXTUAL MEANINGS OF TERMS IN
ARTICLES FOR COMMUNICATION
One of the end-results of a researchers’ activity is a scientific publication of their works. This main goal is to ensure that the author’s work is available to other researchers and to assert his competency in the chosen field of research. The language of the scientific articles characterizes the presence of a variety of lexical components, represented by general literary vocabulary, general scientific terminology and special terms. Terms are the main informative units of the language of a scientific article. This article is characterized by several functional features, the importance of a scientific article to the readers and also it considers the various types of publications, describe the typology of scientific terms and frequently used words that organize common lexical units. And also in this article, the lexical units are described that show the objectivity of scientific information with some given examples.
Key words: scientific style, the problematic situation, communication tools, lexical units, the term, scientific articles, functional style, terminologycal vocabulary.
Introduction
The article is a material about the important phenomena in communication, which include facts as the main role in the communication. In the article, it presents that the most important things are phenomenon and an issue, and to an extent, argument, motivation for actions are fully applied including all types of text use such as narrative, description and the thoughts that occurs (take the place). One of the features of the article is to develop the specific idea. There are the logical thoughts and the feasibility of the evidence, the accuracy of the sentences and the nodes which are the main focuses in the article. The thoughts of the article created from the association and nodes are the writer’s thinking. Gradually the author accumulates all of materials then, tries to connect the reader with the current issue, in such a way it creates eagerness for the reader along with providing the information about the issue discussed. Then the author identifies the meaning of her logical arguments and tries to convince the accuracy of her creation. However, the author pays attention not only the evidence of logic, but also to the emotional impression.
Scientific articles have a high degree of communication in terms of access to the user through subject indexes, information retrieval systems, and the global computer network Internet. On the other hand, scientific article is characterized by the tasks of not only reflecting, generating transmission, preserving and processing scientific information, constructing intercultural information and research relations and interaction, but also providing the necessary conditions for realizing the essential links of the language of scientific and pedagogical communication as a system with the surrounding world (new information and communication technologies, culture, development of modern science).
Interestingly, the modern era of the development of information and communication technologies has seen the translation of scientific publications into electronic media and their placement in the global Internet, such a characteristic of the title of a scientific article as its communicative nature is important. Subsequently, in the era of global information and computer communications, the high degree of communicative nature of the name of scientific and pedagogical status undoubtedly facilitates its access to the user through the subject information systems of information retrieval systems and provides access to the world’s pedagogical experience, knowledge and potential.
Subsequently, in the era of global information and computer communications, the high degree of communicative nature of the name of scientific and pedagogical status undoubtedly facilitates its access to the user through the subject information systems of information retrieval systems and provides access to the world’s pedagogical experience, knowledge and potential.
In addition, the authors under review in the field of pedagogy and education, share their experience, and the results of their research and teaching as well as research.
According to the stylistic features of the text of the article , there are two large groups which are classified as follows:
— scientific articles adapted to the style. This article differs because of its language identification, abundance of terms, defining the nature of the author’s depth of logical thinking and the abundance of ability to «add» information.
— free articles that can be viewed. The author’s «me» works active in such publications and reflecting art tools, images, also, the spoken language lexicon is used freely.
Linguistic features of articles in terms of language use in all its diversity, the terminological vocabulary of English-language scientific articles appears as a multitude of diverse linguistic elements (one-component, two-component, polycomponent terminological units, terms of abbreviations).
This situation is carried out in the result of styles’ interaction and classification of genres.
According to the description, functional language styles will be created on the basis of occasion of the external use of the language (extralinguistic) and there are language tools which determine its specificity.
Language tools of this style are divided into two groups. The first group consists of language tools that produce stylistic paradigm of language and it includes stylistic painting tools, stylistic variants and synonyms. To on the other hand, the second group refers to functional language tools that can be used more in a different kind of styles.
Functional styles created by the merger of functional language tools and a neutral language tools.
From this point of view, there is a number of classifications of functional styles, such as:
1) Scientific style (brochures, articles, other scientific publications);
2) Official style (documents and papers);
3) Newspaper style (mass media)
4) Belles-letters style (genre of creative writing); 5) Publicist style (essay, public speech) [1].
In the process of translating the article into English the Belles-lettres style takes a special place than the scientific style. During this period, the color of stylistic language tools will be differing.
Overall, only one language tool can be used in all types of style, but its role will be differ in each style. Therefore every style has its main and additional features. For example, the main and regular sign of scientific style is the usage of more terms and also imagery is the main feature of Belles-letters style.
In addition, during the translation every kind of functional style expresses language concept as an important genre. Currently, this phenomenon is often observed in the process of collecting materials.
The language of the scientific article characterizes the presence of a variety of lexical components which presented general literary vocabulary, general scientific terminology of special terms, the whole field of pedagogy and education, and stylistically colored vocabulary, creating its unique specificity and distinguishing from the languages of other sub-genres and genres.
The lexical layers are presented in the texts of scientific and pedagogical articles in different context conditions express different meanings for describing the various characteristics of the pedagogical process, basic and additional information about it.
As a rule, they are connected with the aspiration of the authors of scientific pedagogical articles to identify, as completely and more clearly as possible, several variants of the development of pedagogical situations, to share opinions on existing methodological technologies, to make proposals for their development and implementation, and to share experience in solving this or other learning problems.
Various words of the exponents are characteristics of the English scientific pedagogical article. Such words in modern foreign linguistics have received different names, for example, text structuring words, content and functional words, discourse markers. As the words of D.Kristal, the words organizers are part of the language system of modern English, which are used to «express the movement of thought» [2].
However, it can also be done on a small scale, and most curriculum design is like this, being done by teachers to prepare or improve a course that only they will teach.
By the words of the organizers of English texts of scientific and pedagogical articles include, introducing a logical context of the words that intentionally emphasize the course of logical thought indicate the sequence of arguments (firstly, secondly, finally, second, so, etc.) [3].
Firstly because of that, we will be able to combine more traditional language learning activity with communicative activity, all combined in the same Internet software. I don’t know what it will be called, but I think we’re going to bridge the gap between internet-based learning activity and language learning software.
Secondly expanding the above considerations on the pedagogical phenomena under consideration, facts, processes (in addition, also, furthermore, additionally, etc.) have taken new discourse.
Further it will be more likely to attend to the content (meaning) of the text, rather than merely focusing on grammatical aspects. If your students do not find their books interesting or exciting, advise them to stop and find other books they may enjoy more.
Also, difficult vocabulary (e.g., kidney dialysis machine) and complex grammatical structures have been removed or replaced.
In addition, the use of ethics cases develops critical thinking skills readily transferable to other areas of a student’s life, both in and out of the classroom.
Confirm the above reflections (thus, therefore, obviously, similarly, in fact, etc.)
This policy did in fact break down, slightly on occasions when two «especially weak» students sought clarification outside of class. Therefore, teachers were expected to replicate this environment in their classrooms. In other words, students were to be encouraged to interact with each other freely through activities that were motivating and resembled language use outside the classroom.
Deny the above considerations (yet, on the other hand; however, rather, though, although, despite, on the contrary, alternately, nevertheless, etc.)
However, the future is unpredictable. On the other hand, because English is a tool for international communication and because it forms the basis for constructing cultural identities, many local varieties could instead to develop. Rather, we must focus instead on language assessment. Yet in dealing with this complex task, many teachers continue to focus mostly on teaching the use of functional connectives such as conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs, overlooking another important element responsible for basic text cohesion: content lexical ties. Despite some early proposals in respect to the curriculum developmental view for language education and some more recent texts on this topic, the curriculum development perspective in language education, particularly in methodology, has been rarely mentioned. On the contrary, the process of development for courses based on authentic materials requires longer time frames and more complex designs than it does for textbook-based courses [4].
Activate the attention of the reader. These include, in particular, lexical units with a positive connotation such as: important, impact, success, successful аnd others indicating the receipt of highly effective results or the implementation of highly effective pedagogical practice (and other evidence of the receipt of high performance results and the implementation of highly effective teaching practice).
During group work, if the teacher does not check how successfully the groups complete their tasks, some of the groups or individual students within groups are likely to go off task. If a number of students are permitted to remain off-task for even a short period of time, group work becomes less focused for the entire class.
As words, there are such lexical units as the suggest, argue, assume, state, support, opine, note, know, etc., which state the objectivity of scientific and pedagogical information.
Form, style, register and semantically use of words in scientific articles
They suggest a need for more fundamental training in vocabulary, especially in terms of word semantics in context and word collocations. Carrel argues that cohesion is not coherence because the latter involves not only the writer, but also the reader. Long stated, that «methods don’t matter because they don’t exist»; supported criticisms of the profession and its preoccupation with methods [5].
In the texts of scientific and pedagogical articles, lexical units are often used, such as: for example, for instance, for clarification, see an example, chart and figure, diagram which confirming or illustrating a particular pedagogical fact, phenomenon or event.
In poetry it is not unusual to find the sustained use of lexis from a particular semantic field throughout the work. In Emily Dickinson’s “Taste a Liquor Never Brewed”, for instance, twelve of the sixteen lines contain references to… For example, we learned that the human brain weighs two to three pounds and is about the size of two fists [6].
Units of common vocabulary and general scientific terminology are often confused in the texts of English-language scientific articles. As a result, a new pedagogical terminological vocabulary appears. So, in particular, special meanings peculiar to scientific and pedagogical communication acquire such common words such as learning, teaching, instruction, etc.
The recognition of the importance of incidental learning does not preclude, however, the exploration of ways in which vocabulary learning can be enhanced through direct teaching. Meaningful instruction should of course include the explicit teaching of word meanings and discussions about words and their prefixes, suffixes, and roots [7].
The orientation of scientific and pedagogical articles on the analysis and solution of a problem of communication, as an explanation of the problems of the methods and approaches to determine fairly widespread use of general scientific terms, such as, in particular, method, methodology, approach, research, etc.
For example: (old) method, research (methods), new (method), (cognitively oriented) method, (prevailing) method, methods (for carrying out civic learning projects), method (of practice organized elements and obtaining meaning); (teaching) methodology, methodology (in ТЕ SOL), methodology (of an extensive reading program); scatter fire (approaches) to language teaching, (approaches) to language learning, content based (approaches) to language learning and teaching, (research) methods in language teaching.
Also, the stylistic characteristics of scientific articles are enriched by acquiring general scientific terms such as: approach; problem; strategy, method; So, in particular, nowadays various methodological approaches of teaching foreign languages are developed (language: education / language instruction program; models) which aimed at the formation and development of language skills.
Among of them are such as the vocabulary immersion approach, The Word Wall approach.
We describe a vocabulary immersion approach Green’s Word Wall, which provides teachers with a versatile mechanism for-promoting vocabulary growth in their classrooms. The Word Wall approach expanded upon in the remainder of this article easily accommodates the three principles of vocabulary learning that were just introduced [8].
It is revealed that the effectiveness of the language of professional scientific and pedagogical communication within the framework of a scientific article is provided not only by the association of general literary and general scientific lexical units, which characterized by the complexity of the device. It is also connected with the development of special terminological vocabulary of terms and terminological word combinations.
As Ter-Minasova noted correctly that «… linguistic communication and the realization of the two main functions of the language — messages and influences are caused by the interaction of free and connected linguistic units, and the associated, stable complexes reproduced in speech in ready form prevail in all functional styles, and those varieties of styles, which are completely oriented to the message function (scientific, business, etc.) which are globally cliched [9].
The lexical layer of terminological vocabulary participates not only actively in the ordering of information received from outside in the framework of the scientific article. It also predetermines the imparting of experience to individual pedagogical phenomena and processes which accumulated in individual pedagogical cultures.
English-language scientific article is the most representative vocabulary of terminological nature, which carries a thematic load within the framework of the perspective on teaching and innovating in the teaching of English as a foreign language/second language. This is due to the well-known feature of the language of science which is more pronounced character code rather than the language of everyday communication. Furthermore as rightly pointed out by R. J. Kobrin, the terminology is the part of vocabulary, which is most sensitive to external influences and is therefore most pronounced effect of society on language. The greatest reflection of this phenomenon finds in the development of terminology which is produced as the formation of a scientific discipline. For example (lexical) approach, (cognitive) approach (to language learning), and (interactive) approach (to language pedagogy States).
The terms are the main informative units of the language of the scientific and pedagogical article. Proceeding from the fact that mastering the subject competence, familiarization with new knowledge occur in the process of studying a scientific article, which should be understandable to the addressee in terms of understanding the meaning of terms. The authors of scientific articles in the field of pedagogy and education use one or another model for the definition of the term.
Conclusion
Peculiarities of using the terminological vocabulary in the texts of English scientific articles are related to the specifics disclosed in their specific theme of research, in particular research presented on the problems of teaching English as a second or foreign language, best practices and innovation in this area.
A scientific article in the modern English language is characterized by the functioning of high-frequency terminological nominal word combinations, because it is this type of terms that names processes and phenomena, scientific and pedagogical reality, form the basis of scientific communication.
At the same time, adjectives and participles take big part terminologies which are dependent elements of two-component and multi-component phrases that are most often found in the texts of English-language articles on scientific problems.
The language of the scientific article, which acts as a specially organized material performing a variety of functions in the system of scientific communications, characterizes the presence of such layers of vocabulary as general literary, general scientific and terminological.
They reflect the accumulated social and cultural experience of the speakers of this language, the existing continuum of educational and scientific traditions, values, cognitive and individual experience,in addition to, the total set of resources lexical means (remedy) in the English scientific article reflects traits such as social status of the author, individual linguistic creativity, communicative strategies, the importance of reporting to the readership of the diversity of its past and present scientific and pedagogical experience.
Different lexical tools are the most important aggregate tools used in the English-language scientific articles and it is aimed at a wide audience of readers for establishing of an effective, influential professional communication.
The universe of a variety of lexical means (remedy) that operate in the texts of English scientific articles are potentially important for effective implementation, which is intended for a wide readership multicultural global scientific community, professional communication.
Formally meaningful and lexical means of realizing the author’s intent to attract the attention of the reader are discussed such as substantiation of the importance of various scientific ideas, concepts, theories, and approaches. Achievement of the communicative goal of fixing the author’s belonging to the scientific environment of highlighting the most significant scientific information of the subjectively evaluative attitude towards the scientific phenomena described.
The variety elements of functional style combines in the usage of language and then multipart style phenomena will continue to appear communication.
References
1 Қанабекова М. Қазақ тілі стилистикасының негіздері / оқулық, «Қыздар университеті» баспасы Алматы, 2013
2 Crystal D. English and the communication of Science, 2006.
3 Кожина М.Н. О специфике художественной и научной речи в аспекте функциональной стилистики / М. Н. Кожина. Перм. ун-т, 1986. –169 с.
4 Richards J. 1984. Methodology in the new millennium [text] / Richards J. English teaching forum, October 2006
5 Nunan D. An introduction to Task Based Teaching [Text] / Nunan D. — Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004
6 MaryAnn Christison, Brain-Based Research & Language Teaching [text] / English Teaching Forum Magazine January 2002, Volume 40, Number 2
7 Carter R. 1988. Vocabulary and language teaching [Text] / Carter R. McCarthy T. -N.Y. Longman
8 Green J. 1993. The Word Wall: Teaching vocabulary through immersion [text]. Ontario, Canada Pippin Publishing Limited.
9 Тер-Минасова С.Г. Язык и межкультурная коммуникация [Текст] 2000. — 259 с.
Одним из основных результатов деятельности исследователя является научная публикация. Главная цель научной публикации в том, чтобы сделать работу автора достоянием для других исследователей и обозначить его приоритет в избранной области исследований.
Язык научной статьи характеризует наличие разнообразных лексических компонентов, представленных общелитературной лексикой, общенаучной терминологией и специальными терминами. Термины представляют собой основные информативные единицы языка научной статьи. А так же здесь рассматриваются многообразия видов изданий, где описывается типология научных терминов и часто употребляемые слова, которые организуют общие лексические единицы. Дается описания и приведены примеры того, что лексические единицы показывают обективность научных информации.
One of the main results of the researcher’s activity is a scientific publication. The basic aim of the scientific publication is to create the conditions for other researchers to be introduced and to prioritize his/her research key sphere.
The chosen language shows the presence of various lexical components represented by the standard vocabulary, scientific terminology and special terms.
Terms are the informative resources of the article. Here you can see a great number of different publications with special terminology explained. In addition the description of terminology given which shows the object of scientific information.